偏心铰弧门转铰顶止水形式的探讨

偏心铰弧门技术日趋成熟,在水利工程中应用越来越广泛。以小浪底水电厂偏心铰弧门的应用为例,介绍了此类弧门的止水原理和实际运用情况,针对转铰顶止水在实际运行中存在的问题,进行了原因分析,提出新的技术改造方案,可为进一步探讨和优化偏心铰弧门顶止水的形式提供参考。     

氯丁橡胶并用高苯乙烯树脂及其在齿形胶带中的应用

对氯丁橡胶并用高苯乙烯树脂进行了实验，通过正交试验法对硫化体系做了优化选择，确定了制作齿形胶带的最佳配方，提高了胶带使用寿命。     

护滩带边缘局部冲刷深度计算公式初步研究

长江航道整治工程广泛采用软体排护滩,简称护滩带,当护滩带边缘压载结构不同时,边缘外的局部冲刷会发生变化。采用水槽试验的方法,研究了不同压载体护滩带边缘的局部冲刷规律。研究发现,护滩带边缘冲刷深度随水流流速与泥沙起动流速之比的增加而增大;当排体外不铺设压载体时,排体上压载体透水率越大,局部冲刷深度也越大;当排体外铺设压载体时,局部冲刷深度随压载体铺设宽度的增大呈先减小,后变化不大的特点;当排体上压载体结构和排体外压载宽度相同时,排体外压载体透水率越大,局部冲刷深度也越大。依据试验资料,选取反映水流、河床及压载结构条件的因子,建立了具有一定精度的计算排体护滩带边缘局部冲刷深度的经验公式。     

高压旋喷灌浆在锦屏二级电站进水口围堰防渗中的运用

锦屏二级水电站进水口纵向围堰防渗设计采用塑性砼防渗墙,施工中发现,防渗墙实际施工深度远远超过设计深度,这将意味着增加施工成本,延长施工工期．为解决这一问题,在施工中将部分深槽段修改为悬挂式塑性砼防渗墙,针对其未达到截渗的目的,在塑性砼防渗墙中预埋钢管,对其下部进行高压旋喷灌浆,形成高喷防渗墙,经检测防渗效果满足要求,达到了节约投资,缩短工期的目的．     

三峡库区宝塔坪滑坡形成机制研究

宝塔坪滑坡是三峡库区现有成因复杂的巨型老滑坡之一,长期以来,工程界对其形成机制一直有着不同的认识。通过详细的现场调查和对勘察资料的深入分析,基于滑坡形态和结构特征,进一步探讨了宝塔坪滑坡的形成机制和演化过程。研究发现：滑坡发育受控于巴东组三段泥灰岩内部及其与二段泥岩之间的层间错动带、坡体后部卸荷裂隙带和长江下切提供的高陡临空面。根据巴东组四段紫红色泥岩在滑坡区不同高程的分布和滑坡结构分析,滑坡形成及演化具有典型“多期活动,逐级牵引”模式。该滑坡共分3期活动历史,地质力学模式均为“临空面形成-卸荷裂隙带发育-泥化的层间错动带塑流沉陷-蠕滑拉裂-滑面贯通”。每期活动牵引后部坡体变形,进而重复前一期的变形破坏过程。     

不对称带束层11.00R20全钢载重子午线轮胎有限元分析

借助ABAQUS有限元软件,建立一个带束层不对称的轮胎结构有限元分析模型,考虑了轮胎变形的几何非线性、轮胎与地面和轮胎与轮辋的大变形非线性接触,轮胎材料的非均匀性、橡胶材料的不可压缩性和物理非线性及橡胶基复合材料的各向异性。通过有限元分析,得到了带束层不对称的子午线轮胎在充气压力下的变形和应力分布情况,带束层和胎体帘线的受力状况和分布特征,并对计算结果进行了分析,以期验证二维模型,为轮胎设计提供参考。     

试谈可地浸层间渗入砂岩型铀矿选区的几个问题

世界上砂岩型铀矿床分布很广，但达到铀矿省级规模、又适合地浸法开采的，目前只发现3处，它们均属层问氧化带型，发育于晚近造山带与地台（台坪）呈“分支倾伏”的结合部位，在地貌上构成从高山区、经低山丘陵到盆地边缘斜坡带这样3个大的“阶梯”，具备良好的水动力条件；特别在成矿期所处的干旱条件下，年蒸发量大于年降雨量，高山区高位能的冰雪融水就成为低山丘陵和盆地边缘弱构造运动区惟一长期稳定的地下水补给。然而在造山带内有众多的规模较大的山问盆地，至少构成了2个“阶梯”，对寻找含铀煤系砂岩中的层问氧化带型矿床前景看好。许多中外铀矿地质学家都曾注意到，横贯欧洲中部有一条近东西向的海西期铀成矿带，其东段与乌拉尔-天山-蒙古活动带重叠，并与后者一起在中新生代共同受到阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅期构造运动的影响，造成该带拥有成矿时代不一、矿床类型繁多、空间分布相对集中的复杂景象。此外，贯穿亚洲东部近南北向的“维比尔斯带”被认为是中央亚洲活动带与西太平洋活动带的结合部位，反映出东西部分地壳结构的不均一性。这是两条控制铀成矿作用的全球性构造带，对它们在铀成矿作用中的特点、作用和影响范围在进行战略选区时应予以充分注意。     

Assessment of the static fit of automobile lap-belt systems on front-seat passengers

While automobile seat belts are recognized as reducing injury in frontal collisions, the lap belt can cause injury to the abdominal contents during impact. A lap belt which is malpositioned, i.e., above the anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS) of the pelvis before impact, is suggested as a causative factor in many of these injuries. A questionnaire was completed by 198 adult passengers on lap-belt fit as well as vehicle, anthropometric and behavioural factors. All measures were self-reported. The fit of automobile seat belts was also investigated in the laboratory to determine some of the factors thought important in the pre-impact position of the lap belt. Seven factors, subject size, subject sitting posture, clothing thickness, vehicle configuration, vehicle seat position, seat back angle and the handling of the belt by the occupant, were assessed on 51 subjects sitting in six simulated vehicles. The sample purposely included a disproportionate number of tall, short, heavy and thin subjects.

The questionnaire responses indicated that a high proportion (49%) of lap belts were found to be malpositioned in a normal sitting posture. Moving around in the seat, especially slouching, greatly increased the proportion of malpositions. It was noteworthy that wearing a heavy winter coat did not cause belt malposition. A high incidence of malpositioned lap belts was also found in the laboratory study with 42% of the belts having their centre-lines above the ASIS and 89% having part of the belt overlying the ASIS in a normal upright seated position with the seat in the middle of its fore/aft movement. Slouching in the seat significantly increased this proportion. The malposition rate was adversely affected by a forward seat position in a significant manner. There was a large increase in the malposition rate when the occupant attached the belt compared to when the experimenter attached it, with malposition rates of 43% and 19% respectively in the rearmost seat position. There was no statistically significant effect of clothing thickness on belt fit. Although statistically significant correlations between belt inclination and malposition were found, no clear-cut belt-angle existed above which satisfactory fit existed.     

Design of Watertight Barriers for Retention Ponds of Cyanide Using Sludge from Water Purification Station （Ziga）

In a context of sustainable development and use of eco- materials, it was examined the possibility of using sewage sludge from the water treatment plant of Ziga as an inorganic support to achieve sealing barriers that can withstand high stresses to overcome any weaknesses of the geological barrier （called passive barrier）. The station Ziga that potabilises the water from the river Nakamb6 is located 45 km north east of Ouagadougou. Some experiments on the rheology of sludge from Ziga as well as the filtration of the mixture Ziga＇s sludge and clays from Nouna, Zorgho and Ticare, three regions of Burkina Faso, were conducted. These studies demonstrated the complex hydro-mechanical behavior of Ziga＇s slurries： Newtonian fluid thixotropic threshold for solids contents less than 16.5 wt% and non-Newtonian for higher values. Sludge from the water treatment station Ziga have a hydraulic conductivity of 10^-8 m/s. The results are below regulatory requirements. However, the permeability can be reduced to achieve the value of 10^-9 m/s in particular by adding the clay from Zorgho or Nouna to mixtures of Ziga＇s sludge and neutral leachate, typically mineral water. Beside neutral leachate, two types of leachate were used. One type is composed of acid leachate and the other type is basic. It was shown that the limewater solutions cause deterioration of the seal probably due to the presence of hydroxide ions.     

Determination of biomass accumulation in mixed belts of Salix,Corylus and Alnus species in combined food and energy production system

Given the energetic, demographic and the climatic challenges faced today, we designed a combined food and energy (CFE) production system integrating food, fodder and mixed belts of Salix, Alnus and Corylus sp. as bioenergy belts. The objective was to assess the shoot dry weight-stem diameter allometric relationship based on stem diameter at 10 (SD₁₀) and 55 cm (SD₅₅) from the shoot base in the mixed bioenergy belts. Allometric relations based on SD₁₀ and SD₅₅ explained 90–96% and 90–98% of the variation in shoot dry weights respectively with no differences between the destructive and the non-destructive methods. The individual stool yields varied widely among the species and within willow species with biomass yield range of 37.60–92.00 oven dry tons (ODT) ha⁻¹ in 4-year growth cycle. The biomass yield of the bioenergy belt, predicted by allometric relations was 48.84 ODT ha⁻¹ in 4-year growth cycle corresponding to 12.21 ODT ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The relatively high biomass yield is attributed to the border effects and the ‘fertilizing effect’ of alder due to nitrogen fixation, benefitting other SWRC components. On termination of 4-year growth cycle, the bioenergy belts were harvested and the biomass yield recorded was 12.54 ODT ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, in close proximity to the biomass yield predicted by the allometric equations, lending confidence and robustness of the model for biomass yield determination in such integrated agro-ecosystem.